OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐投(tóu)資協定，對(duì)不鏽鋼行(háng)業影響幾(jǐ)何

　　2025年12月9日(ri)，中歐領導(dao)人共同宣(xuān)布完成中(zhōng)歐全面投(tóu)資協📱議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這(zhe)是一🆚個框(kuàng)架協議，旨(zhi)在取代中(zhōng)國和歐盟(méng)成💋員國現(xiàn)有❄️的雙邊(biān)投資條約(yue)，構建統一(yi)的中歐雙(shuang)邊投資制(zhì)度。

　　這一談(tan)判經曆了(le)35輪磋商，前(qián)後持續超(chāo)過7年，談判(pan)曾一度停(ting)滞，近一年(nian)半内有所(suo)加快，終于(yú)在2020年年底(dǐ)完🔅成談判(pan)，這也是繼(jì)區域全面(miàn)經濟夥伴(bàn)關系協定(dìng)（RCEP）之後，中國(guó)完成的另(ling)一個重大(da)對外開放(fang)舉措，也是(shi)在✌️多年的(de)逆全球化(huà)進程中，多(duō)邊主義取(qu)得的又一(yī)次意義重(zhong)大的勝利(lì)。

　　那麼，“中歐(ou)投資協定(dìng)”談判的完(wán)成，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業會(hui)有影響嗎(ma)？

　　一、如果“中(zhōng)歐投資協(xié)定”達成，歐(ōu)盟對中國(guo)還會有關(guan)👉稅壁壘麼(me)？

　　近年來，由(you)于歐盟對(dui)中國大陸(lu)的不鏽鋼(gang)出口持續(xu)的反傾銷(xiāo)，目前歐盟(méng)對中國大(da)陸不鏽鋼(gāng)的征收稅(shui)率高📐達20%以(yǐ)上，那👄麼，如(rú)果“中🏃🏻‍♂️歐投(tou)資協定”達(da)成，歐盟對(dui)中國還會(huì)有關稅壁(bi)壘📞麼？

　　首先(xian)需要明确(que)的是，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”并不涉及(jí)關稅🐆問題(tí)🌈。其次，假設(she)“中歐投資(zi)協定”對不(bú)鏽鋼出口(kou)有一🔅定利(li)好，主要系(xi)不鏽鋼的(de)相關制成(cheng)品，比如家(jia)電等等。但(dàn)初步談判(pan)完成，協議(yì)需進一步(bu)轉🏃‍♂️化成法(fǎ)律條文，并(bing)經過歐洲(zhou)議會批準(zhun)後才⭐可生(sheng)效。該過程(cheng)預計将在(zai)2021年下半年(nián)才可開始(shi)。

　　二、從歐洲(zhou)開放領域(yu)來看，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(ding)”對中國不(bu)鏽鋼企業(ye)走⛹🏻‍♀️出去有(you)何影響？

　　從(cong)相關資料(liào)顯示來看(kàn)，中歐投資(zī)協定将鎖(suǒ)定現有的(de)中國對歐(ou)投資市場(chang)準入權，同(tong)時确保開(kai)放歐洲能(neng)源、農業、漁(yú)業、視聽、公(gong)共服務等(deng)敏感領域(yù)。此外，根據(jù)《服務貿易(yi)總協定》（GATS），歐(ou)盟将在很(hen)大程度上(shang)開放服務(wù)行業。

　　站在(zai)中國立場(chǎng)，歐洲開放(fang)領域，為中(zhong)國投資者(zhe)提供了更(geng)大的進入(ru)歐盟能源(yuan)批發零售(shòu)市場、可再(zai)生能📱源市(shi)場等領域(yu)的機會，帶(dài)🌈動中國新(xin)能源、汽車(che)等相關産(chan)業的出口(kou)貿易發🍉展(zhan)。對于🚩中國(guó)投🌂資者，該(gai)協議🈲達成(chéng)還意🤩味着(zhe)在歐🔴盟有(you)更多潛在(zài)的投資機(ji)會，包括中(zhōng)國有競争(zhēng)優勢的建(jiàn)築産業、電(dian)信産業等(deng)等，屆時或(huo)許會拉動(dong)國内不鏽(xiu)鋼需求。

　　但(dàn)是從不鏽(xiu)鋼企業角(jiao)度而言，國(guó)内不鏽鋼(gāng)廠走出去(qu)在歐盟🐪建(jiàn)廠的可能(néng)性微乎其(qi)微。由于歐(ōu)洲的廢鋼(gāng)積累量比(bi)較大，中國(guo)不鏽鋼鋼(gāng)廠走出去(qù)投資建設(shè)，在不鏽鋼(gang)冶㊙️煉成本(běn)上可能會(huì)享有👣一些(xie)優勢。但是(shì)目前歐洲(zhōu)的不鏽鋼(gāng)鋼廠全部(bu)使用電爐(lú)生産，若👨‍❤️‍👨去(qù)歐洲建廠(chǎng)，整體成本(ben)過于高昂(ang)。其次📞，從需(xu)求角度來(lai)講，歐洲本(běn)土不鏽鋼(gang)生産逐年(nian)下降，加之(zhī)由于新冠(guàn)疫情的影(ying)響，歐洲經(jīng)濟陷入低(dī)迷，需求端(duān)維持弱勢(shi)。因此，國内(nei)不鏽鋼😍廠(chǎng)去歐洲建(jian)設工💁廠的(de)可能性，總(zong)體而言不(bú)存在。

　　三、從(cóng)中國開放(fàng)領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對國(guó)内的不鏽(xiù)鋼企業有(yǒu)何影響？

　　在(zai)談判中，中(zhong)國答應進(jìn)一步開放(fang)的領域包(bāo)括制造業(ye)、汽車、金融(róng)服務業、醫(yī)療健康、通(tong)訊/雲服務(wù)、計算機服(fú)務、國際海(hǎi)運、航空運(yùn)輸、商業服(fu)務、環境服(fú)務等。目前(qián)，大約一半(ban)的歐盟對(dui)華直接投(tóu)資集中在(zai)制造業領(ling)域，如運輸(shu)和電信設(she)備、化學品(pin)、健康設備(bèi)等等。而汽(qi)車領域方(fāng)面，中國同(tong)意逐步取(qu)消合資企(qǐ)業要求，承(cheng)諾新能源(yuan)汽車的市(shì)場準入。此(cǐ)外，中國同(tóng)意取消金(jīn)融服務業(yè)及醫療健(jian)康領域中(zhōng)部分行業(yè)的合資要(yào)求。

　　站在歐(ou)盟的立場(chǎng)，歐盟在中(zhōng)國的汽車(che)、消費品、生(sheng)物醫藥、金(jin)融服務和(he)醫療衛生(shēng)等衆多領(lǐng)域出現了(le)新的機遇(yù)，但更多的(de)可能是技(jì)術領域内(nei)的輸出，對(dui)不鏽鋼行(hang)業生産的(de)影響基本(ben)沒有。

　　綜上(shang)所述，總體(ti)而言，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼(gāng)及不鏽鋼(gāng)企🌈業本身(shen)并沒有什(shí)麼利好的(de)影響，但對(duì)不鏽📱鋼制(zhi)成品的出(chu)口可能會(hui)是利好。